[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.duhafoe.cz\/slunecni-soustava-zeme\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.duhafoe.cz\/slunecni-soustava-zeme\/","headline":"Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustava \u2013 Zem\u011b","name":"Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustava \u2013 Zem\u011b","description":"Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenost Zem\u011b od Slunce je 152,1 milion\u016f km a nejmen\u0161\u00ed 147,1 milion\u016f kilometr\u016f. Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm … ","datePublished":"2020-03-24","dateModified":"2023-04-29","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.duhafoe.cz\/author\/devene\/#Person","name":"devene","url":"https:\/\/www.duhafoe.cz\/author\/devene\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d61351daa6b4b113e92ed2d39ca84063b8a3419e3b611b82557c5b9e6ade1cef?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d61351daa6b4b113e92ed2d39ca84063b8a3419e3b611b82557c5b9e6ade1cef?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"duhafoe.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.duhafoe.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a372663_w3781_t1584084954.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.duhafoe.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a372663_w3781_t1584084954.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.duhafoe.cz\/slunecni-soustava-zeme\/","about":["V\u011bda"],"wordCount":493,"articleBody":"Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenost Zem\u011b od Slunce je 152,1 milion\u016f km a nejmen\u0161\u00ed 147,1 milion\u016f kilometr\u016f. Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm m\u00edstem na planet\u011b je Mount Everest se svoj\u00ed nadmo\u0159skou v\u00fd\u0161kou 8850 metr\u016f a nejni\u017e\u0161\u00edm m\u00edstem na Zemi je prohlube\u0148 Mari\u00e1nsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edkop, jeho\u017e hloubka je 11,033 km.Zem\u011b m\u00e1 jednu ob\u011b\u017enici \u2013 M\u011bs\u00edc. Stejn\u011b jako i jin\u00e9 planety slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy je Zem\u011b st\u00e1le vulkanicky \u010dinn\u00e1.Zem\u011b je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z\u00a0terestrick\u00fdch planet, jedinou z\u00a0nich, kter\u00e1 se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze \u010dty\u0159 vrstev a jedinou, na kter\u00e9 existuje v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch skupenstv\u00edch voda. Ta pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 70 % zemsk\u00e9ho povrchu.Jednotliv\u00e9 vrstvy jsou:\t\tzemsk\u00e1 k\u016fra \u2013 dosahuje do hloubky asi 8 km pod oce\u00e1ny a 70 km pod pevninou; skl\u00e1d\u00e1 se p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b z vyv\u0159elin\t\tsvrchn\u00ed pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 \u2013 ten je p\u0159es svoji tuhost pom\u011brn\u011b visk\u00f3zn\u00ed, sah\u00e1 do hloubky cca 2900 km; p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b je tvo\u0159en ho\u0159\u010d\u00edkem, k\u0159em\u00edkem, \u017eelezem a kysl\u00edkem; pozn. slou\u010deniny t\u011bchto prvk\u016f tvo\u0159\u00ed miner\u00e1l oliv\u00edn\t\tvn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pevn\u00e9 j\u00e1dro \u2013 tato \u010d\u00e1st zemsk\u00e9ho j\u00e1dra je tvo\u0159ena niklem a \u017eelezem (NiFe); polom\u011br pevn\u00e9ho j\u00e1dra \u010din\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 3500 km\t\tvnit\u0159n\u00ed tekut\u00e9 j\u00e1dro \u2013 m\u00e1 polom\u011br asi 1200 km; teplota tam dosahu kolem 6000oCAtmosf\u00e9ra Zem\u011b:Atmosf\u00e9ru na\u0161\u00ed planety tvo\u0159\u00ed ze\u00a078 % dus\u00edk, z 21 % kysl\u00edk, 0,9 % je argonu a zbytek je tvo\u0159en dal\u0161\u00edmi plyny a vodn\u00edmi parami. Vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry se kondenzuj\u00ed v\u00a0nepr\u016fhledn\u00e9 mraky, ale jinak je atmosf\u00e9ra pr\u016fhledn\u00e1. Cel\u00e1 atmosf\u00e9ra je tvo\u0159ena n\u011bkolika r\u016fzn\u00fdmi vrstvami, kter\u00e9 se od sebe li\u0161\u00ed teplotou, hustotou a tlakem.Vrstva, v\u00a0n\u00ed\u017e \u017eijeme, tj. od nulov\u00e9 nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ky a\u017e po v\u00fd\u0161ku 18 kilometr\u016f se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 troposf\u00e9ra. Mocnost troposf\u00e9ry je na p\u00f3lech kolem 9 km, na rovn\u00edku ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch 18 km. V\u00a0podstat\u011b v\u00a0n\u00ed vznik\u00e1 po\u010das\u00ed. Pot\u00e9 n\u00e1sleduje tzv. tropopauza, co\u017e je oblastn\u00ed p\u0159ed\u011bl mezi troposf\u00e9rou a stratosf\u00e9rou.Stratosf\u00e9ra dosahuje do nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ky asi 50 km. Do 30 kilometr\u016f se udr\u017euje stabiln\u00ed teplota, a to podle zem\u011bpisn\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159ky mezi m\u00ednus 45oC a\u017e m\u00ednus 75oC. Horn\u00ed vrstva stratosf\u00e9ry se otepluje a\u017e na m\u00ednus 15oC. Prost\u0159edn\u00ed stratosf\u00e9rick\u00e1 vrstva se jmenuje ozonov\u00e1 vrstva a oz\u00f3n (O3) dok\u00e1\u017ee pohlcovat ultrafialov\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed \u2013 d\u00edky tomu se tohoto zhoubn\u00e9ho slune\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed dostane na zemsk\u00fd povrch jen asi 1 %. \u010clov\u011bk v\u0161ak svou \u010dinnost\u00ed oz\u00f3novou vrstvu ni\u010d\u00ed (oz\u00f3nov\u00e1 d\u00edra) a tak je lidstvo do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry vystaveno nebezpe\u010d\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00edho UV z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed.T\u0159et\u00ed atmosf\u00e9rickou vrstvou je mezosf\u00e9ra, dosahuj\u00edc\u00ed a\u017e do v\u00fd\u0161ky 80 km. Po n\u00ed n\u00e1sleduje termosf\u00e9ra \u2013 do 500 km, a vrstva nad touto v\u00fd\u0161kovou hranic\u00ed se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 exosf\u00e9ra.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4\/5 - (8 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustava \u2013 Zem\u011b","item":"https:\/\/www.duhafoe.cz\/slunecni-soustava-zeme\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]